Against the national interest routledge studies in middle eastern politics book 60 kindle edition by shama, nael. Egyptian foreign policy eprints complutense universidad. Machar, who was the former vice president of south sudan, broke off in december 20 sparking a civil war that has ripped apart the newest country in the world. Each year, africa day presents us with an opportunity to reinforce our unity, celebrate our diversity, and contemplate the challenges that face us as africans. This was a period in which egypts international stance was influenced not only by the political inexperience of the muslim brotherhood party, but also by all the obstacles, many. At the height of polarization in the middle east region, attention is drawn to the existing egyptian foreign policy and its complicated alliances, both with the gulf states and israel, in order to ensure the regimes stability amid domestic and foreign challenges.
Egypts foreign policy has recently been on a low profile, with many circles of action having been neglected and with numerous threats to national security having arisen, the most important of which are those facing egyptian policy in africa. Egyptian president anwar sadat himself admits that he told no one but his foreign minister of his dramatic decision to go to. Morsi, by contrast, declared resto ring egypts historical predominance the foreign policy leitmotif. This study aims at exploring the relation between economic liberalisation and egyptian foreign policy orientation. Egypt occupies a strategic position as a landbridge between two continents and a link between two principal waterways, the mediterranean sea and the indian ocean. From the dawn of egyptian history, there is evidence of an aggressive policy towards nubia. Egypts foreign policy operates along a nonaligned level. Egyptian foreign policy could change with a government dominated by the muslim. A new foreign policy in egypt middle east policy council. The foreign relations of egypt are the egyptian governments external relations with the outside world. After a trip to the middle east which did not include egypt florida sen. Edited by cameron hu, levi thompson, elias saba, and emily drumsta. On the foreign policy level, the scaf and some egyptian officials declared that egypt is abiding to its international responsibilities and signed treaties with israel. Its features include rapprochement with iran, a new border policy with the gaza strip, and friendlier relations with hamas.
Pdf egyptian foreign policy during the ramadaanyom. We share with egypt a deep relationship that is rooted in cultural, economic, and military ties and in shared interests. In one instance, in march 2011, former foreign minister and now arab league secretarygeneral nabil alaraby did talk of normalizing relations with iran, which had severed ties with egypt in 1979, but such talk was quickly stilled. In 1952, officers in the egyptian army overthrew the monarchy under king farouk egyptian revolution. Fourteen people were told beforehand of nassers decision to nationalize the suez canal in july 1956. Jadaliyya on egypt arab studies institute, georgetown university, washington, dc.
Foreign relations of the arab republic of egypt overview. Liberal countries have long been known to maintain peaceful relations with each other. Gamal abdel nasser 19541970, anwar sadat 19701981, hosni mubarak 19812011, and abdel fattah al sisi 20present. The crown prince was counting on the support of his sunni arab allies, but one notable arab country abstained. How did france and britain view egyptian foreign policy prior to the canal crisis. This situation necessitates a rational management of a foreign. Marco rubio said that it would not be washington that defined the future of the u. Egyptian relations that withholds the obligation of foreign military financing fmf to egypt until the secretary of state certifies that egypt is taking various steps toward supporting democracy and human rights. The countrys numerous layers, while not separating between its. Materials are collected from demonstrations in cairos tahrir square and published in complete english translation alongside scans of the original documents in arabic. Hosni mubarak egyptian president from 19812011 financing foreign policy hosni mubarak.
Egypt s poor record on human rights and appropriators have passed legislation see u. Siddiqui, changing contours of egypts foreign policy in the aftermath of uprising. Aspects of egyptian foreign policy in the 18th dynasty in. The united states stands with egypt and the egyptian people in their pursuit of a stable, democratic, prosperous country which ensures the rights and freedoms of its citizens. In reality, however, since the early 1970s, whether under the. Abandoning policies cooperative with european powers, the new government asserted an independent and arab nationalist identity. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Egypts multilayered character has had a direct effect on its foreign policy and on its relationship with the outside world. Egypts foreign policy and its national security egyptian. Jun 11, 2014 foreign policy successes and failures in the past have been the kingmakers and breakers of egypts leaders what strategy will elsisi embrace as he attempts to return egypt to a leading regional role. Under nasser, thousands of egyptian professionals were dispatched across africa and latin america under egypts secondment policy, aiming to support host countries development but to also support the egyptian regimes foreign policy aims.
Research for the project was conducted with primary sources, such as newspaper. The speed of these changes has come as a surprise to many. Liberal democracies tend to respect and accommodate other democratic countries and negotiate rather than escalate their interliberal disputes. Elwv 7 mainstream analysis of this foreign policy transformation has thus far been dominated by the psychologicalperceptual analysis of the egyptian presidents belief systems1. Egyptian foreign policy towards israel tends to be portrayed as rather monolithic. However, liberalism can also exacerbate tensions with non. Factors such as population size, historical events, military strength, diplomatic expertise and a. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading egyptian foreign policy from mubarak to morsi. Since taking office, president mohamed morsi has clearly set himself apart from his predecessor hosni mubarak, as reflected in two trends. Could the death of a detained american change that. Why did egypt follow a neutral, nonaligned foreign policy in the 1950s. The existing literature explains the wavering course of president barack obamas policy on the 200103 egyptian crisis as attributed to either his personal characteristics lack of an international experience, predisposition to sermonize rather than to strategize or to the impact of the decline of the united states as a global superpower inability to influence foreign actors and contexts. The study of egyptian foreign policy has been hitherto dominated by the.
Following egypts successful efforts to broker a reconciliation deal between hamas and fatah, against the opposition of the israeli government, many are beginning to note the new direction that the egyptian foreign policy is taking in the postmubarak era. Israeli assessment of egypts foreign policy egyptian. The dilemmas of egyptian foreign policy opinion ahram. On 26 august, 2015, south sudans president, salva kiir signed a peace agreement in juba with rebel leader riek machar. Such a study is needed because available scholarly work on the topic of egyptian foreign policy during mubaraks time in office is scarce and is not focused on egypts definition of its national interest. Such differences have left the doors open for change in egypts foreign policy. Egypt drew closer, for example, to the sphere of influence of the us, israel and the gulf monarchies, altering only partly its approach in the international context. Annexing the west bank would threaten israels peace treaties with egypt and jordan, anger allies in the gulf, undermine the palestinian authority, and endanger. A dramatic change in egypts foreign policy since the ouster of hosni mubarak aims to help reassert cairos leadership in the arab world, establish good relations with all powers in the region, and give priority to egyptian interests. Concurrently, as the preceding analysis hints, egyptian policymakers will be quietly looking to show washington that egypts foreign policy, and its value to the united states, encompasses much more than bilateral ties or arabisraeli issues. Foreign relations of the arab republic of egypt are the egyptian governments external relations with the outside world. The thread of continuity which characterises egyptian foreign policy is clearly visible from a look at the brief islamist parenthesis. Middle east policy council on egypt washington, dc. Geography has caused egypt to rely almost entirely on the water of the nile river which originates outside its territory and passes through several.
In november 2017, saudi crown prince mohammad bin salman mbs launched an impulsive bid to isolate iran by forcing the resignation of lebanese prime minister saad hariri during a visit by the latter to riyadh. Factors such as population size, historical events, military strength, diplomatic expertise and a strategic geographical position give egypt extensive political influence in the middle east, africa, and within the nonaligned. Precisely egypts geostrategic restraint made it a guarantor of regional stability and a reliable ally for washington. Proactive foreign policy, a regional leadership role or engagement for the palestinian cause were not on the agenda. Egyptian foreign policy in nubia and the levant before thutmose iii it must be admitted that our knowledge of egypts foreign policy with western asia in the middle kingdom is uncertain, but in nubia the picture is clearer. At its inception, the egyptian uprising was not related to foreign policy and is unlikely to have much bearing on rela tions abroad. Under the muslim brotherhood regime, disastrous trends emerged in egypts foreign policy. Thus, the development of post1952 egyptian foreign. German foreign policy should condition security cooperation with the egyptian state on a focus on the real threats, and offer development support to help rebuild relations between deprived. Sullivan, marisa april 2014, hezbollah in syria pdf, institute for the study of. Morsis foreign policy failures diplomats say morsis foreign policy differed little from that of mubarak, but he made key mistakes regarding syria and ethiopia dina ezzat, sunday 21 jul 20. Pdf following the fall of president hosni mubarak in february 2011, analyses of political change in egypt have primarily focused on domestic. The foreign relations of egypt are the egyptian governments external relations with the.
What prompted the egyptian government to nationalize the suez canal. Mar 01, 20 after a trip to the middle east which did not include egypt florida sen. Pdf the foreign policy of postmubarak egypt and the. Foreign policy is an essential component of egypts general state policy. At the same time, egypt also experienced an outflow of egyptian jews, and large numbers of egyptian copts. Egyptian foreign policy from mubarak to morsi explores an area rarely touched upon by researchers, the relationship between regime security and the national interest. This chapter examines the implications of liberalism for foreign policy and foreign policy analysis. The nile river and egyptian foreign policy interest. Concentrating on egyptian foreign policy under president hosni mubarak, this book analyses how it was used to bolster his internal hold on power. Foreign policy successes and failures in the past have been the kingmakers and breakers of egypts leaders what strategy will elsisi embrace as. It argues that the roots of the restructuring of egyptian foreign policy since 1970 could be traced in the process of transforming the populist statist model of managing the egyptian political economy. However, rapprochement between egypt and iran is likely also to alarm arab gulf states who are worried about. Egyptian president anwar sadat himself admits that he told no one but his foreign minister of his dramatic decision to go to jerusalem last november.
Together with its traditional diplomatic and political functions, and given that development policy is considered a key objective, the egyptian foreign ministry participates in the countrys. Geopolitics inevitably shaped egypts foreign policy. Challenges facing policy makers are diverse and enumerated. Pdf the nile river and egyptian foreign policy interest. This category includes blog posts focused on egypts foreign policy. Congressional research service 1 historical background since 1952, when a cabal of egyptian army officers, known as the free officers movement, ousted the britishbacked king, egypts military has produced four presidents. Egypts shifting foreign policy priorities the cairo. Elsisi was elected after two popular uprisingsthe first being on the january 25, 2011 against hosni mubarak, and the second on june 30, 20 against the rule of the muslim brotherhood and mohammed morsiin the span of two years. In egypt, the coronavirus poses a political threat the pandemic has exposed the shortfalls of a government that has neglected the health sector for too long. Alvin young is a rangel fellow and masters candidate at the elliott school of international affairs at the george washington university. After two revolutions, the 25 th of january 2011 and the 30 th of june 20, egypts foreign policy is at crossroads. This article is more than 9 years old we get the latest, and go to the huge foreign policy implications for the united states. The observer of egyptian foreign policy over the last few years, following the coup detat on july 3rd.
With the reelection of egyptian president abdel fatah elsisi to a second term, a new chapter in egypts foreign policy will be written. The nile river and egyptian foreign policy interest article pdf. Learning of the egyptian foreign ministers recent meeting with a number of egyptian journalists to discuss foreign policy was a positive change in the official attitude toward listening to. Egypts evolving foreign policy the washington institute. This disconnect, which became obvious in the 1970s, can in fact be traced back to the political and ideological strategies employed by. This article is an attempt to find out the basis of subsequent changes in egyptian foreign policy. Egypt is most visibly shifting its foreign policy on three issues. Viewed in such a light, morsis egypt continued on the foreign policy path trodden by the preceding. Egypt s foreign policy operates along a nonaligned level. This article aims to define the place of this dimension in egyptian foreign policy visavis the states of the nile basin, with. The dilemmas of egyptian foreign policy opinion ahram online. Egypt table of contents the determinants of foreign policy. Together with its traditional diplomatic and political functions, and given that development. Egypts foreign policy upon three circles, namely the arab, islamic and the.